{"id":2003,"date":"2020-10-15T03:23:37","date_gmt":"2020-10-15T03:23:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/?p=2003"},"modified":"2021-09-07T09:11:47","modified_gmt":"2021-09-07T09:11:47","slug":"cach-xu-ly-da-mau-cua-tho-kim-hoan-phan-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/cach-xu-ly-da-mau-cua-tho-kim-hoan-phan-4\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00c1CH X\u1eec L\u00dd \u0110\u00c1 M\u00c0U C\u1ee6A TH\u1ee2 KIM HO\u00c0N – PH\u1ea6N 4"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi Wayne Emery<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1ee3 b\u1ea1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0u, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh r\u1ee7i ro. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y kh\u00e1 quen thu\u1ed9c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ebd h\u01a1i m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 v\u00e0i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1eabn c\u00f2n g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i. Cu\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi li\u00ean quan v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0u.<\/span><\/p>\n

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San h\u00f4<\/span><\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd (n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t). Nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 trong trang s\u1ee9c trong su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, San h\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecf hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean khan hi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i San h\u00f4 t\u1ed1t, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n. Nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i San h\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecf, h\u1ed3ng da c\u1eaft mo tr\u00f2n hay ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n

San h\u00f4 l\u00e0 Canxi cacbonat, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 v\u1ee1. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u00e0u t\u1eeb tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea1t, h\u1ed3ng c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i, nh\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eadm c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecf h\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u1eadm. San h\u00f4 \u0111en r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. San h\u00f4 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu\u1ed9m kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m d\u00f9ng cho san h\u00f4 bao g\u1ed3m t\u1eeb thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m anilin b\u1ec1n m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ebfn thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. San h\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u00e3y th\u1eed b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch n\u00e0o tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. San h\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 m\u1ea3ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee5m, v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh l\u00fap.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 san h\u00f4 kh\u00e1 m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Acid, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Acid chua. San h\u00f4 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 si\u00eau \u00e2m l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 s\u01a1 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i, c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch San h\u00f4 l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng r\u1eeda tay nh\u1eb9 v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m.<\/span><\/p>\n

San h\u00f4 h\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 m\u00e0u c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd kh\u00e1c. San h\u00f4 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eaft nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng 50 - 60 US cho vi\u00ean c\u1eaft gi\u00e1c tr\u00f2n (cabochon) 12 x 10mm. San h\u00f4 h\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd r\u1ebb h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3. V\u1edbi San h\u00f4 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc to h\u01a1n, s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n. Hi\u1ec7n nay, m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean San h\u00f4 h\u1ed3ng cabochon c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 18 x 13mm c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 s\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 60 US. Nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 t\u1edbi 50 US m\u1ed7i carat.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng San h\u00f4 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o bao g\u1ed3m th\u1ee7y tinh, nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n. Lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a san h\u00f4. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ch\u00fang l\u00e0 San h\u00f4 th\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n

Corundum<\/span><\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Corundum l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n k\u1ebft tinh t\u1eeb nh\u00f4m oxit. Trong b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Sapphire<\/a>. V\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u v\u1ed3ng. Sapphire<\/strong> m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ruby<\/a><\/strong>, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ecf h\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eadm v\u1eabn l\u00e0 Sapphire<\/strong>. Sapphire<\/strong> v\u00e0 Ruby<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd, ngo\u00e0i Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sapphire<\/strong> xanh l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3. V\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1eaft, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf k\u00edch c\u1ee1 tr\u00ean ba carat. Ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf Ruby, m\u00e0u \u0111\u1eaft nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 padparadscha (m\u00e0u sen blossom), v\u00e0 m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng cam \u0111\u1eadm.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Sapphire<\/strong> v\u00e0 Ruby<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd theo nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o h\u00f2a. Hay l\u00e0m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u nh\u1ee3t nh\u1ea1t. V\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m x\u1edb \u0111\u00e1 (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ec3 rutile) r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong corundum, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 trong. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u1edf x\u01b0\u1edfng gia c\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb \u1ed1ng gi\u1ecdt, \u0111\u00e8n kh\u00f2 trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi Sapphire<\/strong> ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00e1c \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c vi\u00ean Ruby<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung n\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t borax t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh th\u1ee7y tinh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Ch\u00fang l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 k\u1ebd h\u1edf r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n nay. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee7y tinh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 trong su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb tan ch\u1ea3y b\u1edfi l\u1eeda \u1ed1ng gi\u1ecdt hay \u0111\u00e8n kh\u00f2. Khi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra, ch\u00fang tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp s\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y m\u1ecfng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Khi \u1ea5y, vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f4i khi, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ec ho\u1eb7c bismuth \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y. C\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t trong vi\u00ean kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ebd l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb Ruby<\/strong> n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1o ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7 \u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sapphire<\/strong> ng\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd trong dung d\u1ecbch Acid chua \u1ea5m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Ch\u00fang tr\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u1edbp d\u1ea7u tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 gi\u1eefa hai tay c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00edt mu\u1ed1i \u0103n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3. \u0110\u00e1 Sapphire<\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 Sapphire<\/strong> xanh.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd Corundum g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng beryllium, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 lithium.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi b\u1ecb nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1 cao g\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y trong m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edd tr\u1edf l\u00ean. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed ga t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong Sapphire<\/strong> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tan ra khi c\u00f3 beryllium. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, beryllium x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c. Pastel, corundum kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, ho\u1eb7c kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u00e0u qu\u00e1 t\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u00edt c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng beryllium \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 m\u00e0u cam, h\u1ed3ng cam, v\u00e0ng, m\u00e0u hoa c\u00e0, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 m\u00e0u xanh lam (xem \u1ea3nh).<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh l\u00fap ho\u1eb7c k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 nh\u00ecn ra khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed ga ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb tan ch\u1ea3y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7ng s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u xanh da tr\u1eddi xung quanh c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 tan ch\u1ea3y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong Ruby<\/strong> (xem \u1ea3nh).<\/span><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi corundum trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai cho ph\u00e9p m\u1edf ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. Vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd beryllium l\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb \u1ed1ng gi\u1ecdt ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e8n kh\u00f2 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec. V\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda si\u00eau \u00e2m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch n\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y x\u1ecbt h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng; H\u00e3y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n n\u00ean n\u00e2ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nguy c\u01a1 s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 n\u1ee9t.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Sapphire<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c Ruby<\/strong> (t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc. V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, Sapphire<\/strong> t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Ruby<\/strong>, (xem \u1ea3nh) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u00e9o Czochralski b\u1eb1ng laser v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m y\u00eau th\u00edch c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee3 c\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 t\u00f4i. N\u00f3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e8n kh\u00f2 trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c tia sao tr\u00ean Sapphire<\/strong> sao (asterism) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u00e1nh kim rutile si\u00eau nh\u1ecf giao nhau \u1edf s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9. Khi m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean Sapphire<\/strong> trong su\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n trong c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, kh\u00ed ga n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft gi\u00e1c tr\u00f2n (cabochon) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng cao. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh sao 6 nh\u00e1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sapphire<\/strong> sao c\u00f3 trong nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a kho\u00e1n v\u1eadt, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 m\u00e0u \u0111en. Nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c corundum, kh\u00e1 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 cao. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 \u0111en v\u1edbi ng\u00f4i sao b\u1ed1n tia thay v\u00ec s\u00e1u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i sao Diopside<\/strong>, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n cho kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng Sapphire<\/strong>. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 hi\u1ebfm, v\u00e0 kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb9p theo \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 Sapphire<\/strong> v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n tia, kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec7t, th\u00ec h\u00e3y c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sapphire<\/strong> t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bao g\u1ed3m Sri Lanka, Th\u00e1i Lan, Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Hoa K\u1ef3, \u00dac, Tanzania, Kenya, Madagascar, Campuchia, Pakistan v\u00e0 Afghanistan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cubic Zirconia<\/a><\/span><\/h2>\n

CUBIC ZIRCONIA<\/a><\/strong> \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi Zircon. Zircon l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, trong khi Cubic Zirconia<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t quang h\u1ecdc, n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e1n x\u1ea1. Zirconia<\/strong> kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i Zirconia<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1y c\u1eaft l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh h\u01a1i tr\u00f2n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1p m\u1eb7t k\u00e9m. V\u00e0 ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Cubic Zirconia<\/strong> c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 8,5 tr\u00ean thang Mohs. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 h\u01a1i gi\u00f2n. \u0110\u00f4i khi, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f2n kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa Zirconia<\/strong> kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc. V\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh cho th\u1ea5y Peach & Blue Zirconia v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eaft m\u00e0i v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i th\u00f4 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00f3i chung, Cubic Zirconia<\/strong> ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c axit. Acid chua s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho n\u00f3, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda si\u00eau \u00e2m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: Ganoksin<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft li\u00ean quan:<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00c1CH X\u1eec L\u00dd \u0110\u00c1 M\u00c0U C\u1ee6A TH\u1ee2 KIM HO\u00c0N - PH\u1ea6N 1<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00c1CH X\u1eec L\u00dd \u0110\u00c1 M\u00c0U C\u1ee6A TH\u1ee2 KIM HO\u00c0N - PH\u1ea6N 2<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi Wayne Emery T\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean b\u00e0n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2023,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[63,61],"tags":[],"yst_prominent_words":[],"class_list":["post-2003","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chia-se-kien-thuc","category-kien-thuc-kim-hoan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2003","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2003"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2003\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5123,"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2003\/revisions\/5123"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2023"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2003"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2003"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2003"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=2003"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}