{"id":3478,"date":"2021-03-28T09:09:52","date_gmt":"2021-03-28T09:09:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/?p=3478"},"modified":"2021-09-07T09:25:40","modified_gmt":"2021-09-07T09:25:40","slug":"da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u00c1 QU\u00dd &#8211; THU\u1eacT NG\u1eee V\u00c0 \u0110\u1ecaNH NGH\u0128A (PH\u1ea6N 1)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">C\u00c1C THU\u1eacT NG\u1eee V\u00c0 \u0110\u1ecaNH NGH\u0128A C\u1ee6A \u0110\u00c1 QU\u00dd<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Gemstones - Terminology and classification<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a2ab851e1868\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a2ab851e1868\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Pham_vi_ap_dung\" >Ph\u1ea1m vi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Thuat_ngu_va_dinh_nghia\" >Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Thuat_ngu_ngoc_hoc\" >Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ng\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Da_Stone\" >\u0110\u00e1 (Stone)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Da_ghep_Composite_stoneAssembled_stone\" >\u0110\u00e1 gh\u00e9p (Composite stone\/Assembled stone)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Ghep_doi_Doublet\" >Gh\u00e9p \u0111\u00f4i (Doublet)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Ghep_ba_Triplet\" >Gh\u00e9p ba (Triplet)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Da_nhan_tao_Artificial_stone\" >\u0110\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (Artificial stone)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Da_quy_Precious_stones_Gemstones\" >\u0110\u00e1 qu\u00fd (Precious stones, Gemstones)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Da_quy_co_cac_hieu_ung_quang_hoc_Phenomenal_gemstones\" >\u0110\u00e1 qu\u00fd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng quang h\u1ecdc (Phenomenal gemstones)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Hieu_ung_adularia_Adularescence\" >Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng adularia (Adularescence)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Hieu_ung_aventurin_Aventurescence\" >Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng aventurin (Aventurescence)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Hieu_ung_anh_sao_Asterism\" >Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1nh sao (Asterism)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Hieu_ung_doi_mau_Color_change\" >Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u (Color change)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Hieu_ung_labrador_Labradorescence\" >Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng labrador (Labradorescence)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Hieu_ung_long_lanh_Chatoyancy\" >Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u00f3ng l\u00e1nh (Chatoyancy)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Hieu_ung_Opal_Opalescence\" >Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Opal (Opalescence)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Da_quy_tu_nhien_Natural_gemstoneNatural_precious_stone\" >\u0110\u00e1 qu\u00fd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (Natural gemstone\/Natural precious stone)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Da_quy_xu_ly_Treated_gemstone\" >\u0110\u00e1 qu\u00fd x\u1eed l\u00fd (Treated gemstone)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Xu_ly_bang_ap_suat_cao_va_nhiet_do_cao_High_Pressure_High_Temperature_HPHT\" >X\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao (High Pressure High Temperature), HPHT<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Xu_ly_chieu_xa_Irradiation\" >X\u1eed l\u00fd chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1 (Irradiation)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Xu_ly_danh_bong_sap_Waxing\" >X\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng s\u00e1p (Waxing)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Xu_ly_khuyech_tan_Diffusion\" >X\u1eed l\u00fd khuy\u1ebfch t\u00e1n (Diffusion)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Xu_ly_khuyech_tan_be_mat_Surface_diffusion\" >X\u1eed l\u00fd khuy\u1ebfch t\u00e1n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (Surface diffusion)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Xu_ly_lap_day_vet_nut_Fracture_filling\" >X\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t (Fracture filling)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Xu_ly_nhiet_Heating\" >X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t (Heating)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Xu_ly_nhuom_Dyeing\" >X\u1eed l\u00fd nhu\u1ed9m (Dyeing)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Xu_ly_phu_Coating\" >X\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u1ee7 (Coating)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Xu_ly_tam_dau_Oiling\" >X\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ea9m d\u1ea7u (Oiling)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Xu_ly_tam_keo_Impregnation\" >X\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ea9m keo (Impregnation)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Xu_ly_tay_Bleaching\" >X\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ea9y (Bleaching)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Xu_ly_trang_kim_loai_Foiling\" >X\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u00e1ng kim lo\u1ea1i (Foiling)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Da_tai_che_Reconstructed_stone\" >\u0110\u00e1 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf (Reconstructed stone)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Da_thay_the_Imitation_Substitute_Simulant\" >\u0110\u00e1 thay th\u1ebf (Imitation, Substitute, Simulant)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Da_tong_hop_Synthetic_stone\" >\u0110\u00e1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p (Synthetic stone)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Da_trang_tri_Ornamental_stone\" >\u0110\u00e1 trang tr\u00ed (Ornamental stone)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Khoang_vat_Mineral\" >Kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt (Mineral)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Khoi_luong_da_quy_Mass\" >Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd (Mass)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Lam_tron_so_Rounding\" >L\u00e0m tr\u00f2n s\u1ed1 (Rounding)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Kich_thuoc_da_quy_Measurements\" >K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd (Measurements)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Lo_hong_Cavity\" >L\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng (Cavity)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Ngoc_quy_Gem\" >Ng\u1ecdc qu\u00fd (Gem)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Nuoi_cay_Cultured\" >Nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y (Cultured)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Vat_chat_huu_co_Organic_substances\" >V\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 (Organic substances)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Vat_lieu_tu_nhien_Natural_materials\" >V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (Natural materials)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Vet_nut_Fracture\" >V\u1ebft n\u1ee9t (Fracture)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Vet_ran_Fissure\" >V\u1ebft r\u1ea1n (Fissure)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-1\/#Ten_goi\" >T\u00ean g\u1ecdi<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pham_vi_ap_dung\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ph\u1ea1m vi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd, \u0111\u00e1 m\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00f4 c\u01a1 v\u00e0 h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m c\u00e1c v\u1eadt trang s\u1ee9c (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd).<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thuat_ngu_va_dinh_nghia\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thuat_ngu_ngoc_hoc\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ng\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Da_Stone\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0110\u00e1 (Stone)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o d\u00f9ng trong trang s\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Da_ghep_Composite_stoneAssembled_stone\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0110\u00e1 gh\u00e9p (Composite stone\/Assembled stone)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (g\u1eafn keo ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c) t\u1eeb hai, ba ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1 thay th\u1ebf. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1 gh\u00e9p \u0111\u00f4i (doublet) g\u1ed3m 2 ph\u1ea7n, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ea7u, c\u00f2n gh\u00e9p ba (triplet) g\u1ed3m 3 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean do l\u1edbp keo g\u1eafn.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ghep_doi_Doublet\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Gh\u00e9p \u0111\u00f4i (Doublet)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0110\u00e1 gh\u00e9p bao g\u1ed3m hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ghep_ba_Triplet\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Gh\u00e9p ba (Triplet)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0110\u00e1 gh\u00e9p bao g\u1ed3m ba ph\u1ea7n gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Da_nhan_tao_Artificial_stone\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0110\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (Artificial stone)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0110\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 k\u1ebft tinh) ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. C\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0: oxit zirconi l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi <a class=\"hnsa-a-tag\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-cubic-zirconia-la-gi-nhung-dieu-can-biet-ve-da-cubic-zirconia-phan-1\/\">CZ<\/a>, phianit ho\u1eb7c djevalit) d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf <a class=\"hnsa-a-tag\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/cac-yeu-to-chat-luong-cua-kim-cuong-phan-1\/\">Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/a>), GGG (<a class=\"hnsa-a-tag\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/tim-hieu-ve-da-garnet\/\">Granat<\/a> Gadolini Gall - Gadollinium Gallium <a class=\"hnsa-a-tag\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/tim-hieu-ve-da-garnet\/\">Garnet<\/a>), YAG (Granat Nh\u00f4m Ytri - Ytrium Aluminium Garnet),... H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Da_quy_Precious_stones_Gemstones\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0110\u00e1 qu\u00fd (Precious stones, Gemstones)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00f4 c\u01a1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, tr\u1eeb kim lo\u1ea1i qu\u00fd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c trang s\u1ee9c<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Da_quy_co_cac_hieu_ung_quang_hoc_Phenomenal_gemstones\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0110\u00e1 qu\u00fd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng quang h\u1ecdc (Phenomenal gemstones)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hieu_ung_adularia_Adularescence\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng adularia (Adularescence)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quang h\u1ecdc khi vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng g\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng m\u00e0u ph\u1edbt lam ho\u1eb7c ph\u1edbt tr\u1eafng theo nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh khi xoay vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hieu_ung_aventurin_Aventurescence\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng aventurin (Aventurescence)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quang h\u1ecdc khi vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu ch\u00f3i s\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 s\u1eafc m\u00e0u \u0111\u1eadm t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c v\u1ea3y tinh th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecf b\u00ean trong khi xoay vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hieu_ung_anh_sao_Asterism\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1nh sao (Asterism)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0110\u00e1 m\u00e0i khum (cabochon) c\u00f3 t\u1eeb hai ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng lung linh c\u1eaft ch\u00e9o nhau v\u00e0 c\u1eaft qua b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh do s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c bao th\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00f3 quy lu\u1eadt b\u00ean trong, c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 sao.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hieu_ung_doi_mau_Color_change\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u (Color change)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t t\u1eeb m\u00e0u n\u00e0y sang m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c khi di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ban ng\u00e0y (ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 D65 ho\u1eb7c Ngu\u1ed3n C) sang ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e8n d\u00e2y t\u00f3c (Ngu\u1ed3n A).<\/span><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hieu_ung_labrador_Labradorescence\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng labrador (Labradorescence)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quang h\u1ecdc th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng l\u00f3e s\u1eafc c\u00e1c m\u00e0u c\u1ea7u v\u1ed3ng tinh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb t\u1eeb khi xoay vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c phi\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng k\u00edch c\u1ee1 b\u00ean trong vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hieu_ung_long_lanh_Chatoyancy\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u00f3ng l\u00e1nh (Chatoyancy)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0110\u00e1 m\u00e0i cabochon c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u1eaft qua b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh do s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu t\u1eeb c\u00e1c bao th\u1ec3 b\u00ean trong vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 m\u1eaft m\u00e8o.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hieu_ung_Opal_Opalescence\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng <a class=\"hnsa-a-tag\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/mua\/?swoof=1&amp;post_type=product&amp;product_cat=opal\">Opal<\/a> (Opalescence)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00f3ng l\u00e1nh \u00e1nh ng\u1ecdc trai ho\u1eb7c \u00e1nh s\u1eefa trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i Opal th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Da_quy_tu_nhien_Natural_gemstoneNatural_precious_stone\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0110\u00e1 qu\u00fd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (Natural gemstone\/Natural precious stone)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0110\u00e1 qu\u00fd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh do c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t) di\u1ec5n ra trong l\u00f2ng Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c gia c\u00f4ng ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">CH\u00da TH\u00cdCH 1: \u0110\u00e1 qu\u00fd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt (Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng, corindon, beryl, spinel...), m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 (\u0111\u00e1 hoa, \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i, ng\u1ecdc b\u00edch, obsidian, moldavit, g\u1ed7 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch...) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00e1c (san h\u00f4, ng\u1ecdc trai, h\u1ed5 ph\u00e1ch, ng\u00e0 voi...). Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00f4 c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">CH\u00da TH\u00cdCH 2: Trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd (trang s\u1ee9c, trang tr\u00ed, m\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7, \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp) \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n 100 kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt (species) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1i (variety) kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, m\u1ea7u s\u1eafc, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3...V\u00ed d\u1ee5. <a class=\"hnsa-a-tag\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/mua\/?swoof=1&amp;post_type=product&amp;pa_loai-da=ruby\">Ruby<\/a> (m\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecf), <a class=\"hnsa-a-tag\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/tim-hieu-ve-da-sapphire\">Saphir<\/a> (m\u1ea7u lam) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt corindon; <a class=\"hnsa-a-tag\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/mua\/?swoof=1&amp;post_type=product&amp;pa_loai-da=emerald\">Emerald<\/a> (m\u1ea7u l\u1ee5c), <a class=\"hnsa-a-tag\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/mua\/?swoof=1&amp;product_cat=,aquamarine&amp;post_type=product\">Aquamarin<\/a> (m\u1ea7u l\u01a1), morganit (m\u1ea7u h\u1ed3ng), goshenit (kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea7u)... l\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd l\u00e0 beryl. S\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 10.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">CH\u00da TH\u00cdCH 3: Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c t\u00ean g\u1ecdi khoa h\u1ecdc (t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc), trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u00ean g\u1ecdi th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n 200 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Da_quy_xu_ly_Treated_gemstone\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0110\u00e1 qu\u00fd x\u1eed l\u00fd (Treated gemstone)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">L\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1, t\u1ea9y v\u00e0 nhu\u1ed9m m\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Xu_ly_bang_ap_suat_cao_va_nhiet_do_cao_High_Pressure_High_Temperature_HPHT\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">X\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao (High Pressure High Temperature), HPHT<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">X\u1eed l\u00fd vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng qui tr\u00ecnh \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1eb1m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Xu_ly_chieu_xa_Irradiation\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">X\u1eed l\u00fd chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1 (Irradiation)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Chi\u1ebfu tia b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">CH\u00da TH\u00cdCH: \u0110\u00e1 qua x\u1eed l\u00fd chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Xu_ly_danh_bong_sap_Waxing\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">X\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng s\u00e1p (Waxing)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">D\u00f9ng s\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 (d\u1ea7u, ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c polymer) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Xu_ly_khuyech_tan_Diffusion\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">X\u1eed l\u00fd khuy\u1ebfch t\u00e1n (Diffusion)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Khuy\u1ebfch t\u00e1n c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quang h\u1ecdc trong vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Xu_ly_khuyech_tan_be_mat_Surface_diffusion\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">X\u1eed l\u00fd khuy\u1ebfch t\u00e1n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (Surface diffusion)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">D\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfch t\u00e1n c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o m\u00e0u v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Xu_ly_lap_day_vet_nut_Fracture_filling\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">X\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t (Fracture filling)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">V\u1ebft n\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1edfi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 th\u1ee7y tinh, nh\u1ef1a, d\u1ea7u, ...v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0m m\u1edd v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Xu_ly_nhiet_Heating\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t (Heating)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">X\u1eed l\u00fd vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 b\u1edfi chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u00f2 nung ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y gia nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0\/ ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 trong c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Xu_ly_nhuom_Dyeing\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">X\u1eed l\u00fd nhu\u1ed9m (Dyeing)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">L\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t nhu\u1ed9m m\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Xu_ly_phu_Coating\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">X\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u1ee7 (Coating)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u, trang tr\u00ed, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Xu_ly_tam_dau_Oiling\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">X\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ea9m d\u1ea7u (Oiling)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Chu tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0a d\u1ea7u v\u00e0o trong v\u1ebft r\u1ea1n, v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o (\u0111\u1ed9 trong) c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Xu_ly_tam_keo_Impregnation\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">X\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ea9m keo (Impregnation)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0110\u00e1 qu\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t keo (polymer) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Xu_ly_tay_Bleaching\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">X\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ea9y (Bleaching)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Xu_ly_trang_kim_loai_Foiling\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">X\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u00e1ng kim lo\u1ea1i (Foiling)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">L\u1edbp kim lo\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1ng v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng quang h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau (\u00e1nh sao, m\u00e0u,...) khi quan s\u00e1t vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 t\u1eeb ph\u00eda tr\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Da_tai_che_Reconstructed_stone\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0110\u00e1 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf (Reconstructed stone)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang k\u1ebft d\u00ednh l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Da_thay_the_Imitation_Substitute_Simulant\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0110\u00e1 thay th\u1ebf (Imitation, Substitute, Simulant)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 trong su\u1ed1t) t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0\/ ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd, v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Da_tong_hop_Synthetic_stone\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0110\u00e1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p (Synthetic stone)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0110\u00e1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m k\u1ebft tinh ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1i k\u1ebft tinh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m g\u1eb7p trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 l\u00e0 Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng, corindon (Ruby, Saphir), spinel, Emerald, alexandrit, th\u1ea1ch anh, Opal, rutil, lapis lazuli, moisanit, ng\u1ecdc trai,...<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Da_trang_tri_Ornamental_stone\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0110\u00e1 trang tr\u00ed (Ornamental stone)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khoang_vat_Mineral\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt (Mineral)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00f4 c\u01a1, c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khoi_luong_da_quy_Mass\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd (Mass)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb cara \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng (metric carat), k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ct, 1 ct = 200 mg (0,2g). Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1edbi hai ho\u1eb7c ba s\u1ed1 sau d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lam_tron_so_Rounding\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">L\u00e0m tr\u00f2n s\u1ed1 (Rounding)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1edbi hai s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda l\u1edbn h\u01a1n khi ba ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">0,996 = 0,99 ct<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">0,998 = 0,99 ct<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">0,999 = 1,00 ct<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">CH\u00da TH\u00cdCH: M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cara c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m\u201d (point).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kich_thuoc_da_quy_Measurements\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd (Measurements)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb milimet v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh t\u1edbi hai s\u1ed1 sau d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">D\u1ea1ng tr\u00f2n: \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u cao.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng c\u1eaft m\u00e0i kh\u00e1c: chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i, chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u cao.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lo_hong_Cavity\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">L\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng (Cavity)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">M\u1ed9t h\u1ed1c r\u1ed7ng n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd m\u00e0 ch\u00fang l\u1ed9 ra tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ngoc_quy_Gem\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ng\u1ecdc qu\u00fd (Gem)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t cao.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nuoi_cay_Cultured\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y (Cultured)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">T\u1eeb \u201cnu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y\u201d ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho \u201cng\u1ecdc trai nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y\u201d v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebft l\u1edbp l\u00e0 do t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt th\u00e2n m\u1ec1m. Ng\u1ecdc trai nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh do s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebft l\u1edbp ng\u1ecdc b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt th\u00e2n m\u1ec1m.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vat_chat_huu_co_Organic_substances\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">V\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 (Organic substances)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong trang s\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vat_lieu_tu_nhien_Natural_materials\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (Natural materials)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c gia c\u00f4ng ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vet_nut_Fracture\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">V\u1ebft n\u1ee9t (Fracture)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Kho\u1ea3ng m\u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi khe n\u1ee9t.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vet_ran_Fissure\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">V\u1ebft r\u1ea1n (Fissure)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Kho\u1ea3ng m\u1edf r\u1ea5t h\u1eb9p, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t r\u1ea5t h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ten_goi\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">T\u00ean g\u1ecdi<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">T\u00ean g\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong B\u1ea3ng <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><a class=\"hnsa-a-tag\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/ten-goi-da-quy-va-cac-vat-lieu-lien-quan\/\">T\u00caN G\u1eccI \u0110\u00c1 QU\u00dd V\u00c0 C\u00c1C V\u1eacT LI\u1ec6U LI\u00caN QUAN<\/a>.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c t\u00ean g\u1ecdi trong B\u1ea3ng T\u00caN G\u1eccI \u0110\u00c1 QU\u00dd V\u00c0 C\u00c1C V\u1eacT LI\u1ec6U LI\u00caN QUAN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y theo v\u1ea7n ch\u1eef c\u00e1i (alphabet).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">C\u00e1c t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u1edf c\u1ed9t 3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Ngu\u1ed3n: Luattrongtay<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"hnsa-a-tag\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/da-quy-thuat-ngu-va-dinh-nghia-phan-2\/\">PH\u1ea6N 2: \u0110\u00c1 QU\u00dd - THU\u1eacT NG\u1eee V\u00c0 \u0110\u1ecaNH NGH\u0128A<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00c1C THU\u1eacT NG\u1eee V\u00c0 \u0110\u1ecaNH NGH\u0128A C\u1ee6A \u0110\u00c1 QU\u00dd Gemstones &#8211; Terminology and classification Ph\u1ea1m vi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd, \u0111\u00e1 m\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00f4 c\u01a1&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":3483,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[63,64],"tags":[],"yst_prominent_words":[],"class_list":["post-3478","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chia-se-kien-thuc","category-thu-vien-chuyen-nganh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3478","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3478"}],"version-history":[{"count":26,"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3478\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5148,"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3478\/revisions\/5148"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3483"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3478"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3478"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3478"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=3478"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}