{"id":3627,"date":"2021-04-28T08:35:10","date_gmt":"2021-04-28T08:35:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/?p=3627"},"modified":"2021-09-07T09:27:39","modified_gmt":"2021-09-07T09:27:39","slug":"luyen-kim-phan-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/luyen-kim-phan-2\/","title":{"rendered":"LUY\u1ec6N KIM &#8211; PH\u1ea6N 2"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a2abc103a6e4\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a2abc103a6e4\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/luyen-kim-phan-2\/#HOP_KIM\" >H\u1ee2P KIM<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/luyen-kim-phan-2\/#Phuong_phap_tinh_toan_tieu_chuan_kim_loai\" >Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kim lo\u1ea1i<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/luyen-kim-phan-2\/#Phuong_phap_tang_do_tinh_khiet_bang_cach_dung_vang_nguyen_chat\" >Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng v\u00e0ng nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/luyen-kim-phan-2\/#Phuong_phap_xac_dinh_trong_luong_vang_trong_thoi_hop_kim\" >Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng trong th\u1ecfi h\u1ee3p kim<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/luyen-kim-phan-2\/#Phuong_phap_giam_do_tinh_khiet_bang_cach_dung_hop_kim\" >Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p kim<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/luyen-kim-phan-2\/#Phuong_phap_xac_dinh_karat_cua_hop_kim\" >Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh karat c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/luyen-kim-phan-2\/#Bac\" >B\u1ea1c<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"HOP_KIM\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">H\u1ee2P KIM<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">V\u00e0ng l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong ng\u00e0nh\u00a0kim ho\u00e0n\u00a0v\u00e0 trang s\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo cao, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t m\u1ec1m n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p kim h\u00f3a. \u0110\u1ec3 v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p kim h\u00f3a k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea1c, ho\u1eb7c platinum, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 dai, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n,\u2026 ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc th\u00e0nh m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng s\u00e1ng, v\u00e0ng xanh, tr\u1eafng,\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phuong_phap_tinh_toan_tieu_chuan_kim_loai\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kim lo\u1ea1i<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">V\u00e0ng tinh khi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0<em>v\u00e0ng r\u00f2ng 1000\u00a0<\/em>ho\u1eb7c 24 karat. \u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb\u00a0karat\u00a0ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n ng\u00e0n, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. V\u00e0ng 18 karat s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n 24 ph\u1ea7n; 18 ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 v\u00e0ng tinh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 6 ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim. \u0110\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb theo ph\u1ea7n ng\u00e0n, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n; v\u00e0ng 18 karat g\u1ed3m 750 ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0ng tinh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 250 ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"623\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng karat v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"312\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Karat<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"312\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"312\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">24<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"312\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1000<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"312\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">22<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"312\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">916<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"312\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">18<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"312\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">750<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"312\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">14<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"312\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">583<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"312\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">9<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"312\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">378<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"312\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"312\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">41.6<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">M\u1ed9t karat t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 41.6 ph\u1ea7n ng\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1 karat = 1000 ph\u1ea7n ng\u00e0n \/ 24 karat = 41.666 ph\u1ea7n ng\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng karat trong h\u1ee3p kim v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft 750 ph\u1ea7n ng\u00e0n, c\u1ea7n chia s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 cho 41.6.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">s\u1ed1 karat = \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft \/ 41.6 = 750 \/ 41.6 = 18 karat<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">M\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Trong x\u01b0\u1edfng kim ho\u00e0n, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, t\u00ednh theo ph\u1ea7n ng\u00e0n. B\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim. V\u00e0ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ea5p \u2013 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 583 ph\u1ea7n ng\u00e0n (14 karat) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0ng nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao \u2013 916 ph\u1ea7n ng\u00e0n (22 karat), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ed5 sung kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 hai quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phuong_phap_tang_do_tinh_khiet_bang_cach_dung_vang_nguyen_chat\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng v\u00e0ng nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y n\u00e2ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ea5p l\u00ean ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cao b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0ng nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c 1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[(Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cao \u2013 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ea5p) x (tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p kim)] \/ [1000 \u2013 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cao] = V\u00e0ng nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t (gam)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng th\u1ecfi h\u1ee3p kim 20g t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft 500 l\u00ean 750, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 sung 20g v\u00e0ng nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 A<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[(750 \u2013 500) x 20g] \/ [1000 \u2013 750] = 20g v\u00e0ng nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 sung<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">B\u1ed5 sung 20g v\u00e0ng nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0o th\u1ecfi h\u1ee3p kim 20g c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft 500 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p kim v\u00e0ng 18 karat (\u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft 750) n\u1eb7ng 40g.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phuong_phap_xac_dinh_trong_luong_vang_trong_thoi_hop_kim\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng trong th\u1ecfi h\u1ee3p kim<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u00ednh h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng trong th\u1ecfi h\u1ee3p kim b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p kim v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 chia cho 1000. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c 2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">(Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p kim x ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u1ee3p kim) \/ 1000 = h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng trong h\u1ee3p kim<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y cho v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00eau tr\u00ean (th\u1ecfi v\u00e0ng 40g, 18 karat) k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 B<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">(40 x 750) \/ 1000 = 30 g v\u00e0ng nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Th\u1ecfi h\u1ee3p kim 40g \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft 750 ch\u1ee9a 30g v\u00e0ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">B\u1ea1n h\u00e3y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00ed d\u1ee5 A t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng trong h\u1ee3p kim c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft 500 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ecfi h\u01a1p kim 18 karat n\u1eb7ng 40g ch\u1ee9a 30g v\u00e0ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng trong h\u1ee3p kim 20g \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft 500.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 C<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">(20 x 50) \/ 1000 = 10 g v\u00e0ng nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 10g v\u00e0ng nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t, b\u1ed5 sung 10g v\u00e0ng nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0o h\u1ee3p kim 20g trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 A, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p kim n\u1eb7ng 40g ch\u1ee9a 30g v\u00e0ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi v\u00ed d\u1ee5 B.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phuong_phap_giam_do_tinh_khiet_bang_cach_dung_hop_kim\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p kim<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y cho ph\u00e9p gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ed5 sung h\u1ee3p kim.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c 3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[(Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cao \u2013 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ea5p) x tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p kim] \/ Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ea5p = L\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 sung<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ecfi h\u1ee3p kim 22 karat (916) n\u1eb7ng 25g th\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p kim 18 karat (750), b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c 3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 D<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[(916 \u2013 750) x 25] \/ 750 = 5.53 g h\u1ee3p kim<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">B\u1ed5 sung 5.53g h\u1ee3p kim v\u00e0o v\u00e0ng 22 karat (916) n\u1eb7ng 25g s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ecfi v\u00e0ng 18 karat n\u1eb7ng 30.5 g.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Karat<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho h\u1ee3p kim v\u00e0ng, l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi\u00a0<em>carat<\/em>. Carat d\u00f9ng cho \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 0.2g.<\/span><\/p>\n<table width=\"651\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"651\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>V\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"325\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">K\u00ed hi\u1ec7u<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"326\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Au<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"325\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">S\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"326\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">79<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"325\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"326\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">196.9<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"325\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"326\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">19.3 g\/cm<sup>3<\/sup><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"325\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"326\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1063<sup>o<\/sup>C<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phuong_phap_xac_dinh_karat_cua_hop_kim\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh karat c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Trong x\u01b0\u1edfng kim lo\u1ea1i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng\u00a0x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh karat\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u201c<em>\u0111\u00e1 th\u1eed v\u00e0ng<\/em>\u201c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0ng, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi chi ph\u00ed cao h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft b\u1ea1n ch\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u00e1 th\u1eed v\u00e0ng\u00a0v\u00e0o h\u1ee3p kim ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft. D\u1ecdc theo v\u1ebft ch\u00e0 n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y ch\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft. Sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9ng acid th\u1eed v\u00e0ng cho hai m\u1ea9u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, h\u1ee3p kim ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft s\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u00a0nh\u1eabn v\u00e0ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y gi\u0169a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tr\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eabn l\u00e0 v\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1edbp m\u1ea1 v\u00e0ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. K\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y ch\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 th\u1eed v\u00e0ng v\u00e0o bi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u0169a tr\u00ean nh\u1eabn. K\u1ebf b\u00ean d\u1ea5u n\u00e0y b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y t\u1ea1o ra d\u1ea5u ch\u00e0 v\u1edbi v\u00e0ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 18 karat. Sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e3y nh\u1ecf m\u1ecdt gi\u1ecdt acid t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng 18 karat v\u00e0o hai d\u1ea5u ch\u00e0 v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. N\u1ebfu v\u1ec7t ch\u00e0 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, h\u1ee3p kim n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 18 karat, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, h\u1ee3p kim n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n 18 karat.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0ng cao h\u01a1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a acid. \u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c tr\u00ean nh\u01b0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i acid \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c h\u01a1n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 acid t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng 22 karat. N\u1ebfu h\u1ee3p kim c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 18 karat (c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u1edf l\u1ea7n th\u1eed th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t) b\u1ea1n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng acid t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n 14 karat.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c acid n\u00eau tr\u00ean, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c acid \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1c, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00fang v\u1edbi acid d\u00f9ng cho v\u00e0ng, vi\u1ec7c ch\u00e0 b\u1ea1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 th\u1eed s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh nh\u1ea1t do ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi chloride trong b\u1ea1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bac\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">B\u1ea1c<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">B\u1ea1c l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo cao v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t m\u1ec1m \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tinh khi\u1ebft, tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n khi h\u1ee3p kim h\u00f3a v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n h\u01a1n. B\u1ea1c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p kim h\u00f3a v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng theo \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft 925 ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 75 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"3\" width=\"623\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>B\u1ea1c<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"208\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"208\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"208\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"208\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">B\u1ea1c tinh khi\u1ebft<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"208\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">960<sup>o<\/sup>C<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"208\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">10.5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"208\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">B\u1ea1c 925<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"208\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">893<sup>o<\/sup>C<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"208\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">10.4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Ngu\u1ed3n: K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gia c\u00f4ng kim ho\u00e0n<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft li\u00ean quan:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a class=\"hnsa-a-tag\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/luyen-kim-phan-1\/\">LUY\u1ec6N KIM - PH\u1ea6N 1<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"hnsa-a-tag\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/luyen-kim-phan-3\/\">LUY\u1ec6N KIM - PH\u1ea6N 3<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"hnsa-a-tag\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/luyen-kim-phan-4\/\">LUY\u1ec6N KIM - PH\u1ea6N 4<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"hnsa-a-tag\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/luyen-kim-phan-5\/\">LUY\u1ec6N KIM - PH\u1ea6N 5<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u1ee2P KIM V\u00e0ng l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong ng\u00e0nh\u00a0kim ho\u00e0n\u00a0v\u00e0 trang s\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo cao, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t m\u1ec1m n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p kim h\u00f3a. \u0110\u1ec3 v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng, c\u1ea7n&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":3768,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[63,61],"tags":[],"yst_prominent_words":[],"class_list":["post-3627","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chia-se-kien-thuc","category-kien-thuc-kim-hoan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3627","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3627"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3627\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3793,"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3627\/revisions\/3793"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3768"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3627"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3627"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3627"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=3627"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}