{"id":572,"date":"2020-02-17T15:42:18","date_gmt":"2020-02-17T15:42:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/?p=572"},"modified":"2021-09-07T09:01:31","modified_gmt":"2021-09-07T09:01:31","slug":"vet-nut-trong-san-xuat-trang-suc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/vet-nut-trong-san-xuat-trang-suc\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u1ebeT N\u1ee8T TRONG S\u1ea2N XU\u1ea4T TRANG S\u1ee8C"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trang s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1ee3 kim ho\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 chia s\u1ebb t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd, n\u1ee9t g\u00e3y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1eef trang. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra nhi\u1ec1u sau khi \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. N\u1ee9t g\u00e3y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u (nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c), v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i cho \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1718 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/V%E1%BA%BFt-n%E1%BB%A9t-trong-s%E1%BA%A3n-xu%E1%BA%A5t-%C4%91%E1%BB%93-trang-s%E1%BB%A9c-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"209\" height=\"157\">B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra, v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh chi ph\u00ed kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n, v\u00e0 t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 kim ho\u00e0n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1eed l\u00fd. Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 kim ho\u00e0n (v\u00e0 th\u1ee3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa) l\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra cho m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ee9t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111a ph\u1ea7n trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u1ee9t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p do c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, bao g\u1ed3m ph\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u b\u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb l\u1eabn t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y k\u00e9m, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft trong \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0 \/ ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7 m\u1ecdt, b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5 ong, s\u1ef1 co r\u00fat qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00fac thi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u1ee9t g\u00e3y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn h\u1ed9t;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ebb (nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh) ho\u1eb7c thao t\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00fac k\u00e9m, th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim, h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u1ee6 nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed9i, l\u00e0m m\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 do li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c luy\u1ec7n kim v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 v\u00e0ng;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">G\u00e3y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1n k\u00e9o do b\u1ecb gi\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim v\u00e0ng 14k v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng; nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u1ee9t g\u00e3y t\u1eeb l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a v\u00e0ng tr\u1eafng niken.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean v\u00ec ch\u00fang li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 n\u1ee9t g\u00e3y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tr\u00ean v\u00e0ng n\u1eef trang, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho trang s\u1ee9c b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch kim.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a2ad42bede79\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a2ad42bede79\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/vet-nut-trong-san-xuat-trang-suc\/#Nguyen_lieu_ban_dau\" >Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/vet-nut-trong-san-xuat-trang-suc\/#Nong_chay_va_duc\" >N\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/vet-nut-trong-san-xuat-trang-suc\/#Co_lom_khuyet_va_ong_dan\" >Co l\u00f5m \/ khuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/vet-nut-trong-san-xuat-trang-suc\/#Phong_rop_va_Lo_mot\" >Ph\u1ed3ng r\u1ed9p v\u00e0 L\u1ed7 m\u1ecdt<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/vet-nut-trong-san-xuat-trang-suc\/#Bong_troc\" >Bong tr\u00f3c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/vet-nut-trong-san-xuat-trang-suc\/#Khiem_khuyet_be_mat\" >Khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/vet-nut-trong-san-xuat-trang-suc\/#Nut_trong_qua_trinh_gia_cong\" >N\u1ee9t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/vet-nut-trong-san-xuat-trang-suc\/#Thao_tac_qua_nhieu\" >Thao t\u00e1c qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/vet-nut-trong-san-xuat-trang-suc\/#Hoa_lan_boi_tap_chat\" >H\u00f2a l\u1eabn b\u1edfi t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/vet-nut-trong-san-xuat-trang-suc\/#Thuc_hien_u_khong_dung\" >Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguyen_lieu_ban_dau\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Khi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o h\u1ee3p kim v\u00e0ng (nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fac), \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 oxit, cho d\u00f9 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec1n h\u1ee3p kim (master alloy). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ho\u1eb7c mua v\u1edbi gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 99,9%, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ec, thi\u1ebfc, bismuth, antimony, selenium v\u00e0 Tellurium \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u01b0\u1edbi 0,01%. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 trong v\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u2013 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 khi gia c\u00f4ng ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u (v\u00e0ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m), c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia. Nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u1ea3 v\u00e0ng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf v\u00ec nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0ng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. T\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0, v\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n kim tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c th\u1ecfi \/ kh\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p kim m\u1edbi, ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u00fac.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh trong t\u00e1i ph\u1ea9m ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t th\u1ea1ch cao trong c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn d\u01a1, oxit t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea9n, silicon t\u1eeb h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t, h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0 v\u1ea3y h\u00e0n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 indium, germanium ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfc. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n trong h\u1ee3p kim. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">S\u1ef1 h\u00f2a l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p (v\u00e0 silicon) c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kim lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 hai c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00f2a tan r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p trong v\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u00fang h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi v\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng. M\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng n\u1ebfu k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t h\u1ee3p kim d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fac l\u1edbn, v\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ee9 hai n\u00e0y c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u00e0ng r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng bao xung quanh h\u1ea1t. H\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u00fac d\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1t s\u1ebd c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00f2a tan th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c m\u00e0ng b\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t g\u00e2y ra. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 n\u1ee9t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c khi\u1ebfn h\u1ee3p kim v\u00e0ng b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c, gia c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nong_chay_va_duc\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">N\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">M\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a trang s\u1ee9c v\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fac th\u1ea1ch cao s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1t \u0111\u00fac, ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb khu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y (\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fac t\u1ea5m, d\u1ea3i, d\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c \u1ed1ng) c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u00fac ph\u00f4i t\u0129nh (statically-cast) ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00fac v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong \u0111\u00fac li\u00ean h\u1ee3p (continously-cast)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0110\u00fac th\u1ea1ch cao c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ec5 l\u1eabn t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p kim t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf ch\u1ee9a silicon. C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh do ph\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch (ngay c\u1ea3 khi n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a silicon), b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n t\u1eeb ch\u00e9n nung, khu\u00f4n th\u1ea1ch cao k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, co ng\u00f3t v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 m\u1ecdt. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u1ed7 m\u1ecdt l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y ra n\u1ee9t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd ti\u1ebfp theo. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t g\u1ed1m t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 nung ch\u1ea3y n\u1ed3i n\u1ea5u kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c khu\u00f4n th\u1ea1ch cao, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n t\u1eeb x\u01b0\u1edfng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o) ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t trong v\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ee1 ra, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i l\u1ed7 m\u1ecdt b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t d\u1ecdc theo b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c thao t\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0110\u00fac li\u00ean h\u1ee3p (continously-cast) h\u1ee3p kim v\u00e0ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1edf m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, h\u1ea1t than ch\u00ec m\u1ecbn cho khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1eb9p. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u (v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cao h\u01a1n) v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn, nh\u01b0 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00fac t\u0129nh (statically-cast). Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 x\u00f3i m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ee5n than ch\u00ec trong s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c ki\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u1ebfu hao m\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c d\u00ednh b\u1ea9n x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00fac li\u00ean h\u1ee3p l\u1edbn hi\u1ebfm khi l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0110\u00fac t\u0129nh (statically-cast) th\u00e0nh th\u1ecfi \/ kh\u1ed1i c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed ga, l\u00f2 \u0111\u1ed1t d\u1ea7u, l\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t. C\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o khu\u1ea5y tr\u1ed9n t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a th\u00edch, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi khu\u1ea5y tr\u1ed9n v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y b\u1eb1ng than ch\u00ec ho\u1eb7c que ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. N\u1ed3i n\u1ea5u kim lo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t than ch\u00ec ho\u1eb7c than ch\u00ec (\u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y cho v\u00e0ng tr\u1eafng niken, v\u00ec niken s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi than ch\u00ec), v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb s\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0110\u00fac t\u0129nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_lom_khuyet_va_ong_dan\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Co l\u00f5m \/ khuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Khi kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00fac c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd co l\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 \u1edf trung t\u00e2m \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ecfi \/ kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00fac. \u1ed0ng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft b\u1ecf tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thao t\u00e1c tr\u00ean kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00fac, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sinh l\u1ed7i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. L\u1ed7i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ee9t d\u1ecdc. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn s\u1ebd r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00fac qu\u00e1 cao, do \u0111\u00f3, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00fac \u1edf m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 200\u00b0F \/ 93\u00b0C so v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00fac cao c\u0169ng k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, t\u0103ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phong_rop_va_Lo_mot\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ph\u1ed3ng r\u1ed9p v\u00e0 L\u1ed7 m\u1ecdt<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ph\u1ed3ng r\u1ed9p b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7 m\u1ecdt b\u00ean trong c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sau n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, kh\u00ed t\u1eeb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u (kh\u00ed h\u00f2a tan ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ng\u1eadm n\u01b0\u1edbc) ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed h\u00f2a tan trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y (tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y qu\u00e1 cao, thi\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed) h\u00f3a l\u1ed7 m\u1ecdt trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c. X\u1eed l\u00fd ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 g\u00e3y, ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u00edt l\u1ed7 m\u1ecdt, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1edf kh\u00ed b\u00ean trong sau \u0111\u00f3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 n\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ee5n n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bong_troc\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bong tr\u00f3c<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">C\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng bong tr\u00f3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 tan ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 n\u1ea5u kim lo\u1ea1i (thay d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 nung tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi hao m\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3), t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t l\u00f2 ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp l\u00f3t, ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb thanh khu\u1ea5y b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 oxy v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh oxit \u0111\u1ed3ng) ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tinh ch\u1ebf h\u1ea1t ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfch t\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Iridium, kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a tan trong v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m h\u1ea1t r\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng. C\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp theo v\u00ec ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1eadp trung \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t, kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khiem_khuyet_be_mat\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">C\u00e1c ki\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean kh\u1ed1i kim lo\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t. Nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh do th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac k\u00e9m. Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng bong tr\u00f3c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, oxy h\u00f3a, thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tia b\u1eafn h\u00f3a r\u1eafn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fac d\u00ednh v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n. Nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u1ed1i kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n sau \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u00f3 s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ph\u1eb3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nut_trong_qua_trinh_gia_cong\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">N\u1ee9t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">N\u1ee9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thao_tac_qua_nhieu\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Thao t\u00e1c qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c gia c\u00f4ng kim lo\u1ea1i \u2013 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1n t\u1ea5m v\u00e0 c\u00e1n que, k\u00e9o d\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng, v\u1ebd, l\u00e0m r\u1ed7ng, d\u1eadp, \u0111\u00fac, k\u00e9o s\u1ee3i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i, phay, ti\u1ec7n, cu\u1ed1n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n b\u1eb1ng tay \u2013 khi\u1ebfn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo h\u01a1n. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng 0 v\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u1ee6 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gia c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u1ee7 s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb h\u1ee3p kim sang h\u1ee3p kim. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ee3p kim v\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng t\u1edbi 70% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch (c\u1ee9ng) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3; v\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u00e0ng tr\u1eafng niken c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean \u1ee7 sau khi gi\u1ea3m 35% ho\u1eb7c 40%. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00e0ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 90% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u1ee7.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Thao t\u00e1c qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ee9t c\u1ea1nh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh mi\u1ebfng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfp theo, c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh r\u00eca ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft b\u1ecf, v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1n th\u00eam sau khi \u1ee7 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1719 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/V%E1%BA%BFt-n%E1%BB%A9t-trong-s%E1%BA%A3n-xu%E1%BA%A5t-%C4%91%E1%BB%93-trang-s%E1%BB%A9c-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"217\" height=\"194\">C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1n que bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ba via, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra khi c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0o r\u00e3nh c\u00e1n, do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecb \u00e9p ra v\u00e0 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba b\u1ecb d\u1ed3n sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng ba via n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gia c\u00f4ng sau n\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n, gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xoay thanh c\u00e1n 90 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Thao t\u00e1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra n\u1ee9t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea5m, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 d\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o n\u1ed5i. N\u1ee9t g\u00e3y x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ecfng nh\u1ea5t, trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u1ea3ng kim lo\u1ea1i u\u1ed1n cong xung quanh d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5. \u0110\u00f4i khi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n kh\u00e1c. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd cho ri\u00eang n\u00f3 l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00f9y t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hoa_lan_boi_tap_chat\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">H\u00f2a l\u1eabn b\u1edfi t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 silicon, s\u1ebd l\u1eabn trong v\u00e0ng. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u1eabn t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o c\u0169ng s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea1n n\u1ee9t.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">M\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o ch\u00ec. Gia c\u00f4ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng tay c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec7m m\u1ec1m \/ kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ec, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba h\u01b0 t\u1ed5n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 l\u1eabn t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ec t\u1eeb kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh s\u1ebd l\u00e0m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0ng b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, v\u00e0 ch\u00ec khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n v\u00e0o v\u00e0ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0n ti\u1ebfp theo. S\u1ef1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00f3n h\u00e0ng trang s\u1ee9c. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ec ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi v\u00e0ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t r\u1ee7i ro. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, v\u00e0ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi ch\u00ec b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y c\u1ee9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thuc_hien_u_khong_dung\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m m\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c sau khi \u1ee7 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0ng. Trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd ti\u1ebfp, nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t. V\u00e0ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi t\u1eeb 8k \u0111\u1ebfn 18k, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh nhanh sau khi \u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong n\u01b0\u1edbc; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo, trong khi l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh ch\u1eadm d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng. Th\u1ee3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa c\u0169ng n\u00ean \u1ee7 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng trang s\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n ni ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u1ee6 qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng kim lo\u1ea1i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 cao v\u00e0 \/ ho\u1eb7c trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ee9t. \u1ee6 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c t\u1ea1o ra k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00ecnh n\u1edf v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfp theo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 g\u00e3y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 v\u1ecf cam. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi \u1ee7 l\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng \u1ed1ng gi\u1ecdt, trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u ta c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho kim lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 cho n\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ec1m. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, tr\u00e1nh \u1ee7 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c kim lo\u1ea1i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ee9t ph\u00e1t sinh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o trang s\u1ee9c v\u00e0ng, ho\u1eb7c sau \u0111\u00f3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho s\u1ef1 n\u1ee9t g\u00e3y, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o. Hi\u1ec3u l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho s\u1ef1 n\u1ee9t g\u00e3y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1t sinh do nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f3 hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trang s\u1ee9c b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m: Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 luy\u1ec7n kim c\u1ee7a v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t cho nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m - v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Ngu\u1ed3n: Ganoksin<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trang s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1ee3 kim ho\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 chia s\u1ebb t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd, n\u1ee9t g\u00e3y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1eef trang. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1718,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[63,61],"tags":[],"yst_prominent_words":[],"class_list":["post-572","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chia-se-kien-thuc","category-kien-thuc-kim-hoan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/572","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=572"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/572\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3865,"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/572\/revisions\/3865"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1718"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=572"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=572"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=572"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trangdoan.vn\/kythuatkimhoan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=572"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}